ON A COLD AND GREY NOVEMBER DAY
When I visited London in November 1988 one of my usual evening strolls led me to „Just Games“ a small games shop just off Regent Street. I had visited them before and knew that I would find a wide range of imported boardgames, in particular those from the United States.
This time my attention was drawn to something completely different: a magazine called „Games International„, which not only appeared to be produced very professionally but also carried an interesting combination of articles about foreign and German games. At the time I was not aware that German games were known in Britain at all.
Hence, I bought a copy and spent the rest of the evening in my hotel room, reading what appeared to be the first issue of a very different games magazine. I was so intrigued by the mag that I filled in the subscription form that very night and sent it off the next day.
At that time, I already subscribed to one of the most popular German game journals „Pöppelrevue“, which covered the German boardgame market pretty well. But much to my surprise GI provided me with a new view about the games I thought I knew pretty well. On the one hand there was none of the rather dry style of writing I was used to from Pöppelrevue. Many articles had this humorous kind of „straight from the heart“ style elegantly spiced with the odd pun, which made reading them not only interesting but fun. On the other hand, the mag contained details about strategies and variants, which were completely new to me.
THE BRIGHT SIDE OF THE MOON
The type of games covered and their rating made me feel sort of „at home“. The first issue had favourable reviews about „Kremlin„, „6-Tage Rennen“ and „McMulti“ – games we liked and played a lot at the time. In addition, GI #1 included a strategy article about „Schoko&Co.„, something of a size and depth I never seen before in a German games magazine. Taking a note of the author provided some clue, as Alan R. Moon was known to me as a writer for Avalon Hill’s house magazine „General„. Besides the fact that the „General“ was quite expensive in Germany it also was pretty hard to find. So seeing that GI managed to get one of their authors on the payroll convinced me that GI was the right mag for me.
Talking about Alan R. Moon: he was introduced as GI’s „American Desk“ and Brian Walker, GI’s editor, wrote a rather strange (in my eyes) staff profile about him. It commenced with providing a photo of an empty suit of armour as „Alan R. Moon“ – something which later proved to be some kind of a GI policy: „Never provide a photo of any of the staff“. To my knowledge, this policy has been broken only once when issue #4 carried a photo showing Brian „Schoko & Co.“ Walker together with Steve Jackson and Ian Livingstone. Unless, of course, this was some kind of an inside joke.
Other now well-known names of the gaming hobby contributed regularly to GI: Derek Carver („Blood Royal„, „Showbiz„), Stuart Dagger („Counter“), Phil Orbanes („Infinity„), David Parlett („Hare and Tortoise„), David Pritchard („Games and Puzzles“) and Mike Siggins („Counter“) to name just a few.
The structure of GI’s content was based on game categories: general games, abstract games, war games and role-playing games besides „standard“ columns like an editorial („Up Front“), travel reports and reader letters („Rebound“). I cannot remember a mag where I enjoyed the editorial as much as Brian Walker’s „Up Front“. Besides being informative the tongue-in-cheek humour sometimes was hilarious. The way Brian dealt with the uproar about Metal Magic’s ad (with the „orcs with the dorks“ photo) in his „Members not allowed“ column was simply fantastic.
GAMES PEOPLE PLAY
German games were covered regularly, not only by reviews but also providing in depth strategy articles. „Die Macher„, „Schoko &Co.“ and other games were covered together with excellent strategy advice or variants. GI later decided to import German games to make them available in the UK via national mail order. Good for the German games industry but also a clear indication of the condition the British game market was in at the time.
The competition amongst the game mags in the UK must have been fierce as shown by the problems „Games Monthly“ went through in 1989 and the quarrel between GI and „Games Review Monthly“ in late 1989. Luckily, GI had decided early to not only address the UK market but to make the mag available in the US and Germany as well. Nevertheless, in 1989 GI had to realize that boardgaming was getting competition from a different direction altogether: computer games. So during what must have been a sort of self finding break the September issue of GI was skipped and appeared as Sep/Oct issue (#9) in October 1989 – containing the first articles on computer games. Consequently, the cover photo showed „Millennium 2.2“ to clearly demonstrate the change.
CYBER HOUSE RULES
At the time I was just getting into computer games myself so this change was rather welcomed. In the summer 1990 I decided to buy my first PC – at a ridiculously high price compared to today’s standards – mainly because of Brian Walkers and Bruce Shelley’s coverage of the computer game „Railroad Tycoon“ in GI issue #16 in July 1990 – take that as an example of the press influencing decisions.
While GI was still covering both boardgames and computer games a principle change in marketing strategy became visible when the August and September 1990 issues of GI were skipped and the mag’s October issue appeared under the new name „Strategy Plus“ issue #1 with a clear focus on computer games. It took however another 9 months until Brian Walker decided to convert „Strategy Plus“ into a computer games only magazine – issue #10 of SP was the last one with a boardgame section.
More changes followed course: from issue #18 SP was no longer printed in the UK but in the States, probably due to Brian Walker’s moving house to the United States. But things didn’t work out the way Brian had intended and hoped (see the interview below) and in the end the August 1993 issue (#33) of SP was the last with him as the editor. Following this SP dwindled into irrelevance – at least from my perspective.
NET ACT
So why do I write this article? GI was an excellent boardgaming mag which I liked very much and the demise of which I deplored a lot. So this is supposed to be a homage about the magazine. But there is more than just that. In the meantime the same has happened to another excellent boardgaming publication I had subscribed: „Pöppelrevue“. This indicates to me that the market for such publications is rather small probably because only die-hard boardgamers will spend money for game reviews, news and strategy articles. While the Internet was not around in the late 80’s it may well present an additional threat to printed boardgame magazines today. Reviews, session reports, strategies, variants and other articles are readily available on the Net – for free. And sites like ours may well expedite the end of printed game magazines. And what shall I read in bed when that happens?
TALKS WITH MR. WALKS
The following interview with Brian Walker, the former editor of Games International and Strategy Plus, was conducted via email in late December 2003.
WPG: Games International was launched in 1988. What was your main purpose to publish a magazine targeted at the serious gamer?
BW: My aim was to attract anyone with an interest in boardgames, serious or not.
WPG: You visited the „North Shore Gaming Club“ in the U.S twice in 1988. Did these visits play a role in your decision to create GI?
BW: No, these visits were just for fun.
WPG: One of the unique selling points of GI was the focus on German style games. Wasn’t this a kind of risky marketing approach?
BW: I never really had a ‚marketing approach‘. German games seemed to me to be the best around at that time so I gave them some coverage. It was very exciting on a personal level to discover these games, so I figured that if they excited me then they would the reader.
WPG: You made it possible to mail-order German games through the GI’s office. Do you regard yourself successful in bringing German games to Britain?
BW: This was a reader service; I don’t think ’success‘ is the right term. I’m happy that German games are now relatively widespread but it would be ludicrous for one person to take credit for this.
WPG: The second issue of GI appeared with over a month late. Were the GI launch date and the intended monthly issues kind of a false start, especially when considering that the next issues were published without a date on the cover?
BW: The conditions under which the first few issues were produced were really chaotic – I went through three production editors in the first three months. Paul Mason then joined up in that capacity and steadied the ship. I don’t think the ‚false start‘ had any effect long term.
WPG: In issue #4 you mentioned that GI will be using Games Monthly’s distribution channels and that GM subscribers would receive 2 GI issues for free. What is the story behind that?
BW: Steve Nicholls of Games Monthly, didn’t want to continue publishing his mag, but also didn’t want to leave his subscribers high and dry. We met up and arranged what was a mutually beneficial deal. In the case of GI that meant using GM’s newsstand distributor that enabled us to have a bigger print run. In the event, we didn’t sell that many more copies.
WPG: Right from the start you covered American games through Alan R. Moon as your „American Desk“. Had it been your initial intention to market GI in Britain and the States?
BW: Alan Moon makes an excellent desk, but my intention was to market the mag to any country that would stock it. The US game shops did not take very many and US newsstands were out of the question. Most Americans at that time didn’t even realise that Germany had a games industry, so the content and the general tenor of the mag would have made no sense to them, as indeed it made no sense to many British readers.
WPG: GI not only was available in British game shops, also major stores in the United States carried it. Did you sell more copies in the States than in Britain?
BW: No, because it was available on some newsstands here as well as in game shops.
WPG: How successful was GI commercially?
BW: Not at all.
WPG: Can you share the size of the print run and number of subscribers GI had in 1989?
BW: I think we printed around 8000 and sold around 2000. We had in the region of 400 subscribers.
WPG: The September/October 1989 issue of GI had a new section „Computer Games“. Was GI running out of review material for boardgames?
BW: We never ran out of material for boardgames but we were always running out of cash.
WPG: After 16 issues of GI the name was changed to „Strategy Plus“, giving even more room to computer games. Why did you change the name of the magazine?
BW: It was part of a transition to computer games, as the realisation that a boardgames mag in the UK could never make money. On a personal level I also wanted to be part of a successful industry – this is not the description I would use for boardgames industry in the UK.
WPG: Issue 10 of Strategy Plus was the last to cover boardgames. Judging by the excellent articles about boardgames GI & SP had you must have had a lot of complaints from boardgamers. Right?
BW: Remarkably few. There were a few moans from predictable quarters but readers seemed very understanding about the difficulties the magazine faced. There were very few requests for the subscription refunds that I offered.
WPG: SP’s issue 33 (Aug. ’93) was the last one with you as the editor. What was the reason for you to leave SP?
BW: This was a terrible period for me. I was living in Vermont and loathing every minute of it. I discovered that my US partner was ripping off the mag by transferring profits to his other company. So there I was, finally producing a successful magazine in every sense and all he could do was steal. I even had to take him to court just to get the shares that I’d been promised. I managed to win an out-of-court settlement, part of the agreement of which was that I would never talk about any of this.
WPG: Let’s take a look at the media for boardgaming related review and information. Compared to 15 years ago we now see a lot of Internet sites, which publish game reviews on a regular basis. As all of these contents are provided for free, doesn’t this render printed game magazines obsolete?
BW: All magazines face a similar problem, if it can be called thus. A site like boardgamegeek is fantastic and provides a resource for the hobby that no print mag can compete with. However, a good editor will ensure that a magazine competes in areas that websites cannot reach. Had the internet been as prominent in GI’s days as it is now, I believed it would have helped the mag. I would have seen it as a friend, and not as competition. The real problem is that the market for a boardgames magazine is very limited, internet or not.
WPG: It appears that only recently you returned to boardgaming. Can you tell us something about your games related work in the last ten years?
BW: I’m afraid I joined the dark side and worked for a couple of computer game companies. I produced Championship Manager 2 and Stars! I co-designed and produced International Cricket Captain. These are all games that I’m proud to be associated with.
WPG: What do you think of the boardgames scene now.
BW: I think it’s wonderful, much better then when I was involved in it (surely a coincidence!). There are a lot of very good games and not just from Germany. I like what Bruno Faidutti is doing in France, and Martin Wallace in the UK. Best of all, it’s great to see Alan Moon getting the success he richly deserves. Any industry out of which the ‚desk‘ can make a living has got to have something going for it.
WPG: Any boardgaming plans for the future?
BW: I’m working on a book on boardgames and am currently talking to publishers, but I’m not overly optimistic about getting a deal. I’m also trying to persuade some of the more serious newspapers here (in the UK) to give me a weekly column.
WPG: Any additional remarks you would like to add?
BW: As a postscript, I’d like to thanks any contributors to GI who may be reading this for their contributions in making the mag what it was, for better or worse. I just wish it was still around.
WPG: Brian, we’d like to thank you very much for the interview and wish you all the best for the future. We do hope to see more on boardgames from you soon. (Brian can be reached at Mr.walks@btopenworld.com)
GAMES INTERNATIONAL – Resurrected
Okay, the news is out (see Spielbox Online)! Brian Walker is reviving the journal of fun and games „Games International“ (see our article) by releasing issue number 17 at the Spiel 2004 fair in Essen. So we took the chance to talk to Brian about his new venture.
(WPG) Brian, your decision to revive „Games International“ by releasing issue #17 nearly 15 years after the appearance of issue #16 surely comes as a surprise to many. Can you tell us what triggered your decision?
(BW) What triggered my decision was unemployment.
(WPG) In last year’s interview you told us about the problems GI went through 15 years ago. The games industry hasn’t really changed much since and neither has the situation of games journals. Putting together a business model for a mag like GI still seems to be a challenging task. What are you doing differently this time?
(BW) What has changed in the last 15 years is technology. I’ve utilised this in what I think is an innovative way, and I’m not just talking about PDF files. The changes in this field have also altered the business model, particularly printing and distribution. These are usually the two elements that kill off small circulation magazines. Also, because of the (relative) boom in boardgames in the US, a new area has opened for us. I’m already discussing licensing the mag to a US publisher.
(WPG) You are going to publish GI in English. Although English is commonly spoken almost anywhere in the world you are probably addressing mainly British and American readers. However, gaming in Britain is still a lot different to gaming in Germany for example. How are you going to attract British readers and what is your actual target group?
(BW) Without wanting to sound chauvinistic, English is the international language so our ‚target group‘, were we to have such a thing, would be ‚gamers everywhere who speak English‘. When you start getting into market demographics beyond that, then you start to lose the plot.
(WPG) GI used to have a group of excellent writers mainly from the gaming scene in London together with game designers providing in-depth articles and strategy seminars. Have you been able to recruit some of the „old crew“ or who else besides yourself is going to provide content for the magazine?
(BW) Amazingly, most of ‚old crew‘ are still alive. Guys like John Harrington and Philip Murphy, I had to drag them kicking and screaming out of retirement homes, but they’ll be okay as long as they get to bed early.
I’ve taken on some new American writers but I’m having to teach them to spell correctly. I asked Mik Svellov to be our European news editor because he was the only person I asked that had ever heard of me.
(WPG) 15 years ago you covered German games to a large extent. Will German games again be a main subject of the „new“ GI?
(BW) Just like before, we’ll cover games from anywhere. In issue 17 there will be an emphasis on US and British games (we do have some), but that’s because there’s a slew of new releases from those countries. In the issue following, I guess there will be a lot new German games because of Essen. If the awful green things from outer space dropped off a few boxes, then we’d cover them too.
(WPG) The news blurb on Spielbox Online mentions a printed and an online version of the mag at different subscription rates. Can you tell us something about the reasoning behind releasing the mag on paper and online?
(BW) That’s easy. The on-line version costs us nothing to produce, so even if we don’t sell a single issue via PDF, it’s no big deal. The difference between the two versions will only be in resolution, with the PDF being optimised to enable fast downloads. You’ll be able to print it out, which will save readers in Australia waiting two years to get the newsstand version.
(WPG) You are shooting for a Spiel 2004 release of issue #17 of GI. Is the release actually planned to happen during the fair? Can you tell us when and where exactly?
(BW) The grand launch at Essen will consist of me turning up on the first day with a big box of magazines, begging for a drink.
(WPG)It says that you are going to put the complete contents of issues #1 to #16 online for free downloads. Where and when will we be able to find this?
(BW) The free downloads will be available from www.gamesinternational.biz . The site should be up next week (10/9), and the back issues available when I find time to scan them.
(WPG) Thanks a lot for your answers and background information on the new Games International. Many gamers are looking forward for the re-release of this fine games magazine. We are wishing you the best of luck and success.
(BW) It’s been a pleasure, and I look forward to meeting readers old and new at Essen.
This interview was carried out end of August 2004.
Als typischer „Kniziasmus“ kommt noch die Besonderheit, daß in der Endabrechnung pro Spieler nur die Farbe mit den WENIGSTEN Siegpunkten in die Wertung kommt. Für die Spieler heißt es demnach, alle Farben möglichst gleichmäßig zu entwickeln. Gegenläufig zu dieser Gleichmäßigkeit ist aber eine Spielregel, die besagt, daß ein Spieler, der mit einer Farbe eine bestimmte Mindestmarke erreicht, jedesmal ein zusätzliches Plättchen legen kann, wenn diese Farbe gelegt wird. Es geht also auch darum, einzelne Farben sehr schnell zu entwickeln und sie dann als „Feeding-Color“ für eine ganze Reihe von Mehrfach-Wertungen heranzuziehen. Verstanden? Kauft euch das Spiel, dann könnt ihr in der Spielregel alles genau nachlesen.
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same way: In the first round everybody maneuvered roughly into the center of the house which is isn’t very big really), in the next round the starting player would invariably win IF the round before no „move the exit“ card had been accidentally drawn. If it was drawn, the next starting player got his chance, as it was usually possible to prevent the former starting player from using the exit if „move exit“ was drawn in the random round. Only in the last of the 3 games there was a chance that one other player instead of the starting player could have won, and only if this player got lucky with his card play (in fact there was simply a 50/50 chance).The first 2 games lasted exactly 2 rounds, the third game 3 rounds, and the starting player always won. Not very interesting if you think about it. There might be a little more variation if you play this often, but frankly: don’t expect too much.
1895 is located in Namibia or „Deutsch-Suedwest Afrika“ as it was called at the time. Namibia is situated south of the equator at the west coast of Africa and being a country dominated by the Namib Desert there are not that many cities and possible routes for railroad lines. An interesting „feature“ of Namibia is the „Caprivi Zipfel“, a strip of land in the north east of Namibia presenting an additional challenge to railway operators. We will see later how the game deals with this.
The engine was imported from its manufacturer Dehne near Halberstadt, Germany and was landed at Walvis Bay. Three months later it was delivered to Troost at Swakopmund. It had practically been pushed the entire distance because of its tendency to dig itself into the deep sand every time an effort was made to move it under its own power. Service was started and the traction engine did surprisingly well once it had passed the coastal sand belt, but eventually the desert was stronger, and it blew a tube which could not be replaced. Later the people of Namibia called it „The Martin Luther“, after his famous quote „Here I stand and I cannot do otherwise.“ 
Today, the first steam traction engine to operate in Namibia has been restored and declared a national monument.
This happens irrespective of the fact which corporation laid the final connection between the two cities. Another benefit the owner of an obligation gets is the option to buy the president’s certificate of the corresponding corporation once it is available for purchase. This option may even be executed if the certificate becomes available during the turn of another player. In this case, if the player owning the obligation wants to buy the president’s certificate s/he may do so immediately and out of sequence provided s/he holds sufficient money in hand – no shares may be sold to raise money at this point.
There is a rough correlation between initial price of an obligation and the length of the route to be built but it turns out to be a rather tough decision of how much, if anything, one bids for an obligation. In our game we had the situation that I was „forced“ by Walter to execute the purchase option at an extremely bad moment. I was short on cash at the time and had to set the initial price for the corporation in question to the lowest possible value. This combined with the following purchase „war“ to keep the presidency forced me to sell some of my much more valuable stock.
There is only one share price and no distinction between initial offering price and bank pool price, a rule we liked already much in 1951 and which we adopted for 1830 (see our 
There is one aspect during the stock market round which was new to us and we found an excellent idea: a player is allowed to own up to 100% of the shares of a corporation. However, for any share bought in excess of 60% a player must pay a 20% commission to the bank and the certificate limit for each player is set 13 so that never all shares can be sold out. This puts players in the position to completely control a corporation and not being dependent on robber baron style players and their stock market manipulations. In our game this was used by Walter to his advantage when he decided to disinvest in all of my shares and instead investing in 100% of the shares of one of his two corporations. Unfortunately for him, in mid-game he overlooked the threat of his route being devastated by a cleverly placed token of another corporation with the consequence that dividend payments were severely impacted for a while. Overall, we found the concept of being able to buy ALL shares of a corporation for a 20% premium to be a perfect enhancement of the game system.
This leads us to the operation rounds. By deliberately providing only a limited supply of brown tiles and the fact that as soon as they become available corporations may build two yellow tiles per operation round instead of one the duration of the endgame is significantly shortened. A fact we liked a lot as it prevents those tedious waiting times when one player is trying to still find a worthwhile extention of his routes. Also the well-balanced overall supply of money in the bank supports this concept.
The idea to design a short 3-player variant of an 18xx game has been implemented very well indeed. 1895 is highly dynamic both in the bank round, due to the low certificate limit as well as in the operation rounds, due to the limited supply of trains of a single type. The concept of obligations works very well and provides an extra dimension to the game which we found challenging both in determining the right price for them as well as using their benefits to a player’s best advantage. Comined with the excellent production quality of the game (map, tiles, certificates and trains are laminated) makes 1895 a highly recommended game. Walter gave it a ranking of 10 (out of 10), which puts 1895 in line with his much liked 1830. For me 1895 is a excellent addition to the 18xx series, especially due to the fact that it is a short, 3-player game and still has a lot of dynamics and challenges. But the „suspense factor“ of 1830 is still my favorite; hence my ranking is 9 out of 10.